The food we take during nutrition used to obtain energy by the process of respiration.
Some organism use oxygen during respiration ( aerobic respiration) while some not use oxygen during respiration (anaerobic respiration)
Following points to be known to understand the respiration process in easy way:-
- Glucose - (C₆H₁₂O₆) It is 6 carbon containing molecule.
- Pyruvate - It is 3 carbon containing compound which form after the breakdown of glucose .It is also known as pyruvic acid. One molecule of glucose gives 2 molecule of pyruvate. Oxygen is not used in the process of breaking glucose to pyruvate and occurs in cytoplasm of cell.
- Lactic acid - It is also a 3 carbon containing molecule. Also known as lactate.
- Pyruvate is further oxidized in presence of oxygen in (aerobic respiration) or absence of oxygen in (anaerobic respiration)
- If oxygen is not presence inside the cell (aerobic respiration) pyruvate is either converted to ethanol and carbon-di-oxide or lactic acid.
Types of respiration-
Aerobic Respiration -
It is the process of breakdown of glucose in the Presence of oxygen into carbon-di-oxide and large amount of Energy is Released.
In this firstly the glucose molecule breaks into pyruvate molecule inside the cytoplasm & then in presence of oxygen the pyruvate molecule breaks into Carbon-di-oxide and water inside mitochondria .
Reaction involved:-
Glucose→Pyruvate+Energy→6carbon-di-oxide+6water+energy
Or
C₆H₁₂O₆→Pyruvate+E+6O₂→6CO₂+6H₂O +38ATP
Important point- Mitochondria is the site of aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic Respiration-
It is the process of breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen in which Small amount of energy is released. It takes place in yeast, bacteria ad human beings. Anaerobic Respiration only occurs in the cytoplasm.
Anaerobic respiration is of two types on the basis of product formed :-
Alcoholic Fermentation :-
In this process incomplete breakdown of
Glucose occurs in absence of oxygen into ethanol and carbon-di-oxide. This process
is called alcoholic fermentation which mainly occurs in yeast, used to prepare beer, Cheese, toddy, wine etc.
Reaction involved:-
Glucose→pyruvate+Energy→2Ethanol+2carbon-di-oxide+energy
Or
C₆H₁₂O₆→Pyruvate+E→2C₂H₅OH+2CO₂+2ATP
Lactic acid fermentation -
In this process incomplete breakdown of glucose occurs in absence of Oxygen into lactic acid. This process is called Lactic acid fermentation and Occurs in Some bacteria (Lactobacillus) present in Yogurt.
This process also occurs in human muscles when person do physical exercise vigorously, glucose is metabolised to form lactic acid and it accumulates in muscle Causes fatigue and cramps.
Reaction involved:-
Glucose→Pyruvate+Energy→2Lactic acid+energy
Or
C₆H₁₂O₆→Pyruvate+E→2Lactic acid+2ATP
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